Notwithstanding the numerous applications of fuzzy logic in several fields of economics, it is surprising that, to the best of our knowledge, so very few applications have been made in modelling approximations of subjective economic variables, such as confidence, satisfaction or even...

The regional landscape in Europe has changed during the last decades. After a period of conversion, processes of diversion has reentered the scene. In the aftermath of the economic crisis South European countries and regions have suffered due to declining economic activity. The trend toward...

The rate of the elderly population increases rapidly throughout the world. The growth rate of the elderly population in the world is 2.1%, whereas the overall population growth rate is over 1.2 % (Mandiraoglu, 2010). The elderly population rate in the United States varies between 15% and 20 %....

Concentration – the share of an industry’s output accounted for by its largest firms and a frequently used proxy of competition – has increased in European countries. This paper provides evidence about this development by introducing several methodological refinements in the cross-country...

This paper delves into the critical intersection of disability, entrepreneurship, and policy intervention within the European Union. Acknowledging that roughly 16% of the EU's working-age population is affected by disability—a figure set to rise with an aging populace—it underscores the...

This study was developed in the framework of OECD work on international regulatory co-operation (IRC). It is part of a series started in 2014 that provides detailed overviews of the structure, governance, instruments and processes of international organisations (IOs) in support of international...

We estimate a linear approximation of the market potential function derived in geography and trade models. Using a spatial econometric estimation approach, border effects can be identified by a differential impact of neighboring regions' purchasing power, depending on whether two regions are...

Europe’s labor is not competitiveness taking unemployment as the relevant indicator. The paper looks at other indicators such as job creation, productivity and unit labor costs and skills. It analyzes the reasons for the lack of competitiveness including a low degree of wage differentiation,...

Das Papier untersucht die durch eine Europäische Währungsunion zu erwartenden Änderungen der Geldschöpfungsgewinne der Mitgliedsländer. Dazu werden die zwischen 1980 und 1995 erzielten einzelstaatlichen Geldschöpfungsgewinne nach dem monetären und dem Opportunitätskostenkonzept...