Just like nearly every aspect of human experience, crime, civil conflict, and violence have become increasingly global … Internationalization of Crime, Conflict, and Violence, offers a unified framework to take stock of the theoretical and empirical literature … on crime, conflict, and violence and to discuss how the international community organizes itself to address security as a …

beyond those immediately exposed to the incidents. In this paper, I examine the crime consequences of mass shootings. I … property crime rate by about 4%. …

Theories of violence have traditionally predicted that bystanders are less likely to intervene when in the presence of … others than when alone. We re-examine this prediction using data from 42 episodes of public violence in quot …-transition diagrams. Analyses revealed that bystanders play a key role in shaping the trajectory of violence. They contributed more de …