related to the activity of organized crime, as homicide, extortion, drug-trafficking or usury. Petty crimes are estimated to …, the signaling role of the policy, and other forms of social control) rather than induced by organized crime itself. …

demonstrate that the historical informal institution of organized crime can undermine current institutions, even in religiously … punishment norms failing to resolve these deficits. Our study suggests that a culture of organized crime can affect adolescent … norms and attitudes that might support a vicious cycle of in-group favoritism and crime that in turn hinders economic …