This major reference work, now in its fourth edition, is an extensive and authoritative guide to the most frequently cited academic economists throughout the world. As with the previous editions, each of the entries is written by the entrants themselves and gives pertinent biographical data,...

Socially irresponsible behaviour by financial institutions played a major part in causing the financial crisis, which has developed into a serious economic, social and political crisis. Financial innovation and a general lack of transparency in the system have made it hard for the people of...