The European Union has implemented demand push and technology pull policies to foster innovation on the energy and … rarely treats product and process innovation separately and product quality is, in the best case, exogenous. We develop a … dynamic multi-sector CGE model that distinguishes between R&D-based process innovation for all firms, endogenous product …

This paper explores the links between open innovation and the emergence of a phoenix industry - the low carbon vehicles … innovation" approaches in driving the sector, for example noting that smaller firms can sometimes innovate more quickly …