In 2022, the process of gradual destruction of multilateralization gave way to an acute crisis. Multiple challenges, including a continued spread of new strains of coronavirus, disruptions in supply chains, appreciation of prices for food and energy, rising inflation, slowdown of economic growth...

Negotiations among members of international institutions often stalemate yet the outcomes vary. Sometimes talks end in impasse and other times in agreement. Several familiar theories are unable to explain the contrast between two prominent outcomes in the World Trade Organization - its 1999...

The past three decades have witnessed the development of a rich literature that applies the formal tools of game theory to understanding international cooperation and international institutions. We divide this literature into three “generations” of scholarship. With a few notable exceptions,...