Indiscriminate violence against civilians has long been viewed as a catalyst for new rounds of violence in civil wars …. Can humanitarian assistance reduce violence after civilians have been harmed? Crossnational studies are pessimistic …, drawing a connection between humanitarian aid and increased civil war violence, lethality, and duration. To date, however, we …

electoral violence on children’s health. This paper shows that electoral violence of low scale yet recursive nature has a … of electoral violence across time and space in Kenya during 19922013. We find that infants and adolescents exposed to … electoral violence are shorter as adults if compared to similar people not exposed to violence during their growing age. We also …

Do salient episodes of state violence affect citizens' willingness to pay taxes for different social purposes in the … violence of December 1989 …