Rural markets comprises of a major market in India. About 70% of the population stay in villages/rural areas and are consumers of various products and services. With growing technological know-how and communication channels the flow of goods and services from urban to rural areas have...

With two recent preliminary rulings regarding the interpretation to be given to a consumer contract term that allows the supplier in a contract of indeterminate duration unilaterally to alter the tariffs, the European Court of Justice has imposed an acceleration on the enforcement of EU rules...

The central economic justification for competition law is that the protection of competition promotes welfare. In particular, perfect competition among firms catering to consumer demand for goods and services maximizes social welfare by generating both allocative and productive efficiencies....

The digitalisation of the economy with data as the new critical resource is a technological revolution which requires an adaptation of the legal framework for markets and the economy. This paper analyzes the privacy concerns in the digital economy from an economics perspective. What can we learn...

Over the past ten years several EU Member States decided to integrate their competition authorities with their consumer protection agencies. In 2010, the Danish Competition Authority and the Danish Consumer Agency merged into the Danish Competition and Consumer Authority. In 2013 the Finnish...

Competition policy like consumer protection, amongst other issues, seeks to forestall other forms of market failure such as formation of cartels, leading to collusive pricing, division of markets and joint decisions to reduce supply. There is a strong commonality between competition policy and...

More than a decade after the proclamation of consumer welfare as a goal of EU competition law, a fundamental question remains unanswered: namely, what is the content of the EU consumer welfare standard? What types of benefits and harms count respectively as welfare and as harm? Whose harm and...