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Numerical simulation exercises to analyze the impacts of potential changes in non-tariff policies commonly use ad valorem equivalent tariff treatment even though estimated impacts using explicit model representation and ad valorem equivalent treatments will differ. The difficulty for modellers...
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their factor endowments vote over tariffs and income tax rates. In the politico-economic equilibrium, each country chooses …
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This study explores tariff cooperation under a representative democracy, comparing national welfare realized in three trading regimes: most favored nation (MFN), customs union (CU), and free trade agreement (FTA). Two points are addressed: Why have FTAs increased in recent decades when...
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available and an efficiency ranking is feasible: tariffs vs. non-tariff barriers (NTBs). In our policy choice model a government … bargaining with domestic SIGs can gain by constraining tariffs through international agreements even if this leads to the use of … indicates NTBs are less efficient than the tariffs they imperfectly replace. Moreover, we find parametric and non …
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preference by economists for factor or product taxes and subsidies over tariffs and export subsidies may not be justified in this …
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This paper presents a new methodology to detect corruption in customs and applies it to Madagascar’s main port. Manipulation of assignment of import declarations to inspectors is identified by measuring deviations from random assignment prescribed by official rules. Deviant declarations are...
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