, unlike other import tariffs, AD duties are not absorbed by exporters. The results on firms' average markups also suggest that …

We examine the impact of the steel tariffs imposed by the United States in 2018. The tariffs were unusual in their size … the tariffs a useful instrument for measuring pass-through both in border prices and in prices charged by domestic … industry. We find that the tariffs were fully absorbed by importers and led to price increases, roughly equal to the tariffs …