The paper explains why institutions matter for a deep integration process, as illustrated by the liberalization of Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) in Europe. We argue that deep trade liberalization requires supranational institutions of deeper integration that permit enforcement, surveillance, and...

This paper looks at the measures taken by East Asian countries since the 1997-8 crisis to reduce the odds of a new crisis. It finds that odds are low, but far from zero. Much progress has been done to deal with the vulnerabilities that have been identified so far, but some remain. The massive...

Despite world-wide bloc economies after the Depression, Japan had a tight relationship with the British Commonwealth and created tight connections with the Sterling and the Gold blocs in the late 1930s. The world-wide bloc economies did not isolate Japan.

We study the incidence of offshoring, or trade in tasks, on firms' productivity and on manufacturing employment in a standard economic-geography model with iceberg trade costs and a continuum of tasks. In a two-countries world where one country has a Hick's neutral technological edge over the...

This paper has been focused on the migration flow changes due to the economic factors, comparing differences and similitudes of two European countries with different migration antecedents and circumstances. Thus, Spain has been a traditional host country for economic migrants and Poland has been...

Balance of payments accounting can be confusing for students, because it is sometimes difficult to determine whether a certain transaction (e.g., a currency exchange) is a debit or a credit to a certain account. It is therefore the purpose of this paper to summarize the standard balance of...

This paper describes the economic potential of remittances, especially in comparison with the Official Development Assistance (ODA) in selected South Asian countries. It appears that remittance transfers contribute to the increase of GDP per capita in South Asian countries and beat the ODA both...

In today's globalized world, goods and capital are flowing as never before. The movement of people across borders has also enlarged significantly. About 215 million people live away from their home country and many members of such Diasporas are prospering abroad and are eager to extend such...

In this paper, we examine the evolution of international exchanges of auto parts over the 2000-2012 period. The first part of our study proposes an analysis of the organisation of automotive supply chains based on the global production networks framework. We give details about this approach by...