only if the size of the locked-in effect exceeds some threshold. Further, progressive decentralization through airdrops can …

This paper provides a formal analysis on the investment coordination problem in a vertically separated electricity … supply industry, although the analysis may apply also to other network industries. In an electric- ity system, the investment …. We adopt a three-stage profit-optimized investment model, with a (regulated) monopoly network and two asymmetrical …

. This paper analyses the investment incentives of such agents and the role of incumbency advantages in the contest …. Depending on the advantages, an increase in the productivity of the investment can decrease or increase the amount of investment …. The results are applied to autocrats' investment behavior and job specific investment in organizations. …