children do not reflect the true extent of son preference in high fertility countries such as Pakistan, where the success of … preference on fertility behaviour in Pakistan, accurate measurement of the forms this gender bias can take is necessary to … appropriately gauge the influence of son preference on the fertility outcomes. The limited capacity of existing measures to …

fertility rates among young women aged 15-34 years. We exploit the fact that countrywide tariff reductions varied across … reduced fertility rate mostly in rural areas. …

evidence that import competition affected fertility decisions. The results highlight the role of gains from joint consumption …

evidence that import com-petition affected fertility decisions. The results highlight the role of gains from joint consumption …