For industrial countries in the post-war period, the price level and the money stock have displayed little tendency to revert to given growth paths. Indeed, this stylized fact is frequently referred to by monetarist critics of central banks, who point out that periods of temporarily high or low...

In the classical macroeconomic models constructed by Lucas (1972, 1975) and Barro (1976), monetary aggregates are assumed to be generated by a logarithmic random walk. This specification implies that all monetary growth is (a) unanticipated and (b) permanent.

The paper proposes three options for overcoming the zero bound on interest rate policy: a carry tax on money, open market operations in long bonds, and monetary transfers. A variable carry tax on electronic bank reserves could enable a central bank to target negative nominal interest rates. A...

Intro -- Contents -- I. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW -- II. LOW INFLATION OBJECTIVE AS NOMINAL ANCHOR -- III. PRINCIPLES OF MONETARY POLICY GEARED TOWARD TARGETING INFLATION -- IV. INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR INDEPENDENT MONETARY POLICY -- V. MONETARY AND BANKING INSTITUTIONS IN CHINA -- VI....