This paper studies the short and long-run effects of international technology transfer on early industrial development, using evidence from the Sino-Soviet Alliance. Between 1950and 1957, the Soviet Union supported the so-called “156 technology transfer projects” in China, that involved the...

1. Introduction -- 2. Technical regimes, catch-up and organizational dynamics -- 3. Technological regimes, organizational boundaries and patterns of innovation -- 4. Resource acquisition strategies and catching up -- 5. Coevolutionary lock-in as a strategic mechanism -- 6. Synthesis and...

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Discovering Steam Power in China, 1828-1865 -- Chapter 3: Translating Heat: Tackling Old conceptions with new ideas, 1855-1868 -- Chapter 4: More Translations, Limited Understanding: the Achievements and Constraints of Late Qing Translations of Heat,...