Despite the measures that have already been put in place to strengthen the international financial architecture in the wake of the Asian financial crisis, still much remain to be done. This paper tried to distinguish developing economies' views, in general, and East Asian views, in particular,...

The last 15 years have seen broad operational changes in the international system, accompanied since the beginning of the 1980s by a change in economic philosophy in a number of important industrial countries. Professor Bird examines the effects of various features of the post-Bretton Woods era...

Der Vorwurf von Globalisierungsgegnern, der IWF und die Weltbank trügen einen wesentlichen Teil der Verantwortung für weltweite Armut und gehäufte Finanzkrisen, ist nicht haltbar. Der Einfluss der Bretton- Woods-Institutionen auf die Wirtschaftspolitik und die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung...

Due to a growing public awareness, in the last 40 years environmental impacts of development projects financed and supported by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have come into view. Since then, the member states have pressured both organizations to implement environmental...