Fixed telephony has long been a fundamentally important market for European telecommunications operators. The … at the retail level. A rapid price decline and a decline in revenues followed. Increased retail competition eventually … be justified on the basis of a lack of competition. …

Fixed telephony has long been a fundamentally important market for European telecommunications operators. The … at the retail level. A rapid price decline and a decline in revenues followed. Increased retail competition eventually … be justified on the basis of a lack of competition. …

African Development Community, and how this has been reflected in outcomes in terms of competition, prices, access, and … innovation in telecommunications services. In this paper, regulatory models in South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe are … portability. While regulators in the four countries are generally implementing measures aimed at facilitating competition, the …

suggest that regulation has often been ineffective in facilitating competition in telecommunications markets in SADC. … dynamics of telecommunications markets in four SADC countries and relates this to outcomes for consumers. From a mobile …

widely. Ensuring robust competition across the digital value chain is therefore of paramount importance. Internet …, regulatory and strategic barriers further constrain competition. Thus, access regulations will need to be strengthened and … country. The telecommunications industry has been dominated by two vertically integrated firms, which are also expanding their …