For more than a decade the Internet was confronted with ignorance and resistance in many European countries. National and European technology policies were unfavorable to "not invented here" technologies and committed to "open networks" of a different kind. The incumbent network operators in...

For more than a decade the Internet was confronted with ignorance and resistance in many European countries. National and European technology policies were unfavorable to not invented here technologies and committed to open networks of a different kind. The incumbent network operators in...

The development of larger technical systems relies on the coordination of autonomous action of a multitude of individuals and organizations. Institutional settings, often neglected in the analysis of technical development, help to achieve such coordination. Our analysis of international...