We extend the Altonji and Card (1991) framework for analysing the impact of immigrants on natives' wages from two to … three labour types and estimate reduced form wage equations for The Netherlands, United Kingdom and Norway. We find very … small effects on natives' wages and no dominant robust patterns of substitution and complementarity. Effects on wages of …

percent and 1 percent of the within-firm wage distribution rise substantially. Instead, the effect on average wages is small …