Rapid urbanization could have positive and negative health effects, such that the net impact on population health is … China’s unprecedented urbanization. We construct an index of urbanicity from a broad set of community characteristics and … define urbanization in terms of movements across the distribution of this index. We use difference-in-differences estimators …

urbanization are unsustainably high. Deep existing deficits in basic urban services such as housing, transit, water, sanitation and …

urbanization occurs sooner in places with higher agricultural potential and comparatively lower transport costs, using worldwide … thresholds of urbanization. Controlling for unobserved heterogeneity across countries through fixed effects and using a variety … of spatial econometric techniques, we find a robust association between earlier urbanization and agro …

to shocks, the degree of urbanization and specialization. We take the Great Recession, the economic and financial crisis … period, we find that the degree and nature of regional urbanization and specialization are important drivers of the …