With the rising levels of urban population and an increasing share of in-coming population, cities are facing the pressure of providing shelter and basic services to the people, particularly to those at the bottom of income level (MGI 2010). This has been giving rise to the formation of slums...

The paper presents a theoretical model that seeks to answer the question of why former squatter settlements tend to upgrade/redevelop at a slower pace than otherwise similar settlements originating in the formal sector. We argue that squatter settlers' initial strategy to access urban land...

Changing the Rules of Development: Institutional Innovation in Rebuilding China’s Shanty Towns -- Slum Upgrading Policies of China’s Shanty Towns -- Financing Development of Shanty Towns Upgrading -- Systems of Land and Security of Tenure -- Housing Development and Sustainable -- Economic...