This 2008 Article IV Consultation highlights that Japan’s external position remains strong. The current account surplus … the increased amounts and frequency of the Bank of Japan’s (BoJ) liquidity operations. The near-term economic outlook is …

The paper develops a general equilibrium framework to examine the economic implications of population aging in Japan … assess the impact of aging on Japan''s government finances; and (ii) compare fiscal policy options with respect to their … implications of population aging in Japan. Particular attention is paid to aggregate saving behavior which is modeled on the basis …

With Japan’s public debt reaching historical levels, the need for fiscal consolidation and structural reforms have …

-term growth. In Japan, public policies can help create an environment for more effective capital formation. For Japan, reforms to …

Japan’s economy is gaining strength, but vulnerability to sovereign risk is rising. The new government has a greater …. Global events have focused on Japan’s fiscal problems, and raised the urgency for fiscal adjustment. Easing measures by the … Bank of Japan (BoJ) will help recovery and address the risks of deflation. The banking sector has improved, but faces a …

earnings at wholesale banks in Japan with a reduction in the franchise value of wholesale banking. In contrast with the …

in the United States and Japan. During the 1980s, these taxes encouraged capital flows to the United States both by …