This paper adds to the small literature on the consequences of education-occupation mismatches. It examines the income penalty for field of education – occupation mismatches for men and women with higher education in Sweden and reveals that the penalty for such mismatches is large for both men...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent male and female PhDs choose academic vs non-academic employment. Further, it analyses gender earnings differences in the academic and non-academic labour markets. Design/methodology/approach – Rich Swedish cross-sectional...

Although the share of female PhDs has increased explosively since the 1980s, little research has focused on the utilisation and remuneration of female versus male scientific human capital. Using rich Swedish cross-sectional register data on the stock of PhDs in 2004, this paper analyses to what...