This paper examines whether the loadings on the crop insurance premium rates for risks such as moral hazard and adverse selection are adequate. From the discrete choice (tobit) analysis conducted, we discover that the premium loadings for 75% coverage level are not adequate, resulting in losses...

This paper describes how the Pension Protection Fund (PPF) in the U.K. quantifies and prices the risks it carries. It also discusses how the PPF interprets these outcomes in terms of a levy or premium to be charged to the pension plans that it protects. PPF has existed since 2005: it has...