standardised to be used in multi-country studies. Here, it is applied to Belgium, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and … countries except Finland. In Belgium, Italy and the Netherlands, both revenue and expenditure contributed to the deterioration …

article is to highlight these issues by reviewing three estimation methods used by the Bank of Finland - GDP smoothing based … corresponding estimates of the cyclically adjusted budget balances for Finland …

standardised to be used in multi-country studies. Here, it is applied to Belgium, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and … countries except Finland. In Belgium, Italy and the Netherlands, both revenue and expenditure contributed to the deterioration …

standardised to be used in multi-country studies. Here, it is applied to Belgium, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and … countries except Finland. In Belgium, Italy and the Netherlands, both revenue and expenditure contributed to the deterioration …