Universal service obligations impose specific costs on the universal service provider. The measure of these costs and their financing have been studied along two complementary lines of reasoning: is the universal service obligation sustainable? Who should bear its costs? Most often, a two-step...

Aujourd’hui, n’importe quel contenu informationnel se résume à une suite de 0 et de 1, que l’on peut transmettre de manière indistincte sur le réseau à destination de n’importe quel utilisateur doté d’un réceptacle quasi universel. La diffusion de l’information a donc changé...

This contribution discusses some recent theoretical contributions dealing with competition in markets for higher education. In a market for students subject to network effects, we discuss the various forms of inefficiencies which might result from competition between universities. It is shown...

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We consider a continuum of workers ranked according to their ability to acquire education, and two firms with different technologies that compete imperfectly in wages to attract these workers. Once employed, each worker bears an education cost proportional to their initial ability, this cost...