When labor market economists started to work on segmented labor markets, they classified informal employment as a transitory state. At the end of the 20th century, informal employment still persists governments' attempts to eradicate it and represents a growing labor market segment not only in...

Chapter 1: A Rationale for the Study of Intersectional Wage Discrimination -- Chapter 2: Theories of Discrimination and a Review of the Related Literature -- Chapter 3: Our Empirical Strategy: Mincer Earnings Functions and the Blinder-Oaxaca Technique -- Chapter 4: Estimating Wage Discrimination...

Recent innovation literature has documented the benefits of cross-pollination of ideas across a wide set of industries and technology fields in an economy. Industrial and trade policies, by contrast, tend to favor economic specialization through the promotion of selected sectors. In this paper...