operating through Kazakhstan. This paper examines the establishment of new trade corridors in the form of pipelines and railway …, south of, and across the Caspian Sea. Since 1500, maritime transport has dominated trade between Europe and East Asia … from 1917 to 1991. Practically all the trade links ran north to the Russian Federation. In the 21st century, with the …

major riots in the regions of Kazakhstan in early 2022. The theory of relative deprivation explains the occurrence of unrest …

Reliable marketing opportunities in both interregional and international trade along with relatively low transportation … of the quality of marketing and trade opportunities in the Kazakh wheat sector, that is the extent and nature of … other while their connection with Karaganda in central Kazakhstan is much weaker. Here, levelling out of price gaps through …

in Kazakhstan. … Ertragsversicherungssystem in Kasachstan. …

for the low level of credit flow to agriculture in North-western Kazakhstan. A quadratic programming model was used in …