This concluding chapter looks across BRICS as a whole to examine differences and commonalities in development discourses, and in the structures that have emerged as a consequence of international engagements, as well as the role of the BRICS grouping’s emerging collective structures and their...

Rapid and sustained poverty reduction requires pro-poor growth, that is a pace and pattern of growth that enhances the ability of poor women and men to participate in, contribute to and benefit from growth. Richard Manning describes how the pro-poor growth concept has produced consensus within...

This paper shows the existence and nature of optimal policies of accumulation of physical and human capital for an economy with ever ywhere fixed coefficients. The long run is described by a "golden-rule," which generalizes earlier results on education and growth but which, unlike them, does not...

Increased spending on pharmaceuticals continues to foster debate over healthcare policy. The increasing costs of bringing products to the market, as well as increased utilization of pharmaceuticals contribute to increased pharmaceutical expenditure; however, appropriate pharmaceutical use can, in...