in East Germany after unification, the existence of unemployment traps, their influence on labor market persistence and … policy effectiveness, and the optimal targeting of employment subsidies in terms of their employment, equity and welfare …

real wages and low unemployment result. With an intermediate view, i.e. when partial equilibrium effects within a sector … are taken into account, high real wages and unemployment result. If all general equilibrium effects are considered at once …, low real wages and low unemployment again result. The assumption that unions and employers' federations are not able to …

A search and matching model, when calibrated to the mean and volatility of unemployment in the postwar sample, can … potentially explain the unemployment crisis in the Great Depression. The limited responses of wages from credible bargaining to … labor market conditions, along with the congestion externality from matching frictions, cause the unemployment rate to rise …