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We develop a new Measure of Aggregate Trade Restrictions (MATR) using data from the IMF's Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions. MATR is an empirical measure of how restrictive official government policy is towards the international flow of goods and services. MATR is...
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The global economic crisis in 2008 triggered a debate about increasing protectionism. Global leaders are increasingly … as protectionist instruments. The study exploits the level of hidden protectionism since 2009. It builds on a recently … zunehmenden Protektionismus aus. Weltweit gerieten Politiker und Entscheidungsträger zunehmend unter Druck, heimische Industrien …
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model to analyze the effects of national standards on the trade of agricultural products between China and the 64 Belt and … voluntary internationally harmonized standards. It is beneficial for China and the B&R countries to strengthen standards …
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. Meanwhile, China was not only the main target of this mechanism but the cases against this country showed a growth trend also …
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