In the late 1960s and early 1970s Sub-Saharan Africa experienced an unprecedented economic crisis shutting the exhilarating expectations of economic stability and development associated with independence. In response to the African abysmal economic decline, the Structural Adjustment Programme...

This study reviews the Bank's experience with adjustment lending to Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), from FY80 to FY96. During this period, a total of 163 adjustment operations, for $15 billion have been approved to 37 countries. Of these, a total of 121 have already been evaluated at completion. The...

Gender bias, or "neutrality" in the underlying concepts, and tools of economics, has led to "invisibility" of women's economic, and non-economic work, thus, to an incomplete picture of total economic activity. This is predominantly so in Africa, where women articulated their concern regarding...