. Our results indicate that the contraceptive ban led to a significant increase in family size. They also provide evidence …

traditional equilibrium, contraceptives are not used, fertility is high and education and growth are low. At the modern … equilibrium, contraceptives are used, fertility is low and further declining with increasing income, and education and growth are … high. The theory motivates a "wanted fertility reversal": At the traditional equilibrium, men prefer more children than …

Fertility has a strong biological component generally ignored by economists. Using the UK Biobank, we analyze the … extent to which genes, proxied by polygenic scores, and the environment, proxied by early exposure to the contraceptive pill …