This study constructs a model of anticompetitive exclusive-offer competition between two existing upstream firms. Under exclusive-offer competition, the upstream firm's profit depends on the rival’s exclusive offer. If the rival makes an exclusive offer acceptable for the downstream firm, the...

This paper constructs a model of anticompetitive exclusive dealing in the presence of multiple entrants. Unlike the single-entrant model in previous literature, an entrant competes not only with the incumbent to deal with buyers but also with other entrants. The competition among entrants then...

This chapter surveys the legal and economic literatures on the antitrust analysis of tying arrangements and exclusive dealing contracts. We review the analytical framework applied under U.S. antitrust law to tying, bundling and exclusive dealing arrangements as well as the existing theoretical...

We model exclusive dealing when the incumbent and potential entrant offer differentiated products and buyers are downstream firms. While the resulting exclusive dealing is always anticompetitive, it does not necessarily involve foreclosure. Rather, when products are sufficiently differentiated,...