Panel data and Hsiao's version of Granger non-causality tests are used to revisit the relationship between GDP and aggregate health care spending, their growth rate series and de-trended series. The possible causality is assumed to be valid in either or in both directions. For the sample of 34...

A simultaneous three-equation model is specified between GDP per capita (GDPc) level, infant mortality rate and health expenditures for 194 countries from 1990 to 2014. GMM-2SLS estimation results indicate that simultaneous decreasing infant mortality rate and increasing GDPc level effects are...

An augmented two-sector growth model is derived to analyse the effects of the military burden and government expenditure on the growth of GNP in selected Middle Eastern countries. The empirical results reveal that the military burden and related activities had a negative effect on the growth of...