between imitation and innovation. Using US patent data for the period 1977-2005, we find that there are inverted U …

shocks with two cointegrating vectors in the error correction VAR from the market. Using patent data to measure technology …

estimation is over panel datasets of patent grants, and unpatented innovations that were submitted for prizes at the annual … hypothesize that the difference partly owes to the design of patent institutions, which explicitly incorporate mechanisms for …

patent-based innovations are from existing portfolios. Our results indicate that there are distinct life-cycle patterns to …

received over their careers, we highlight the impact of early U.S. patent institutions in providing broad access to economic … procedures for application, the United States deliberately created a patent system that allowed a much wider range, in … patent institutions. Moreover, by requiring that applications be examined for novelty by technical experts, and by enforcing …

technological knowledge. Relying on evidence compiled from patent records, we argue that the evolution of a market for technology … trade in patent rights was closely associated with increases in specialization at invention, as well as advances in rates of … invention more generally. The patent system is often celebrated for the stimulus to invention provided by granting limited …