Empirical evidence indicates that the elasticity of capital-labor substitution for the aggregate U.S. economy is below unity. In contrast, the existing indeterminacy literature has mostly restricted attention to a Cobb-Douglas production function which assumes a higher substitution elasticity...

We develop a behavioral macroeconomic model in which agents use simple but biased rules to forecast future output and inflation. This model generates endogenous waves of optimism and pessimism ("Animal Spiritsʺ) that are generated by the correlation of biased beliefs. We contrast the dynamics...