Fertility rates have fallen below replacement levels in many economies. We examine the relationship between female … incomes and fertility for college graduates in the United States. Female income is likely endogenous to fertility, and … procedure to estimate two-sided bounds for the effect of female income on fertility. The effect of female income on fertility is …

After the fall of the Berlin Wall, East Germany experienced an unprecedented temporary drop in fertility driven by … economic uncertainty. Using various educational measures, we show that the children born during this nativity slump perform … observed personal characteristics. These children are also less likely to have grown up within stable family environment …

by parental preferences: if parents prefer certain sex compositions over others, children's gender affects not only the … outcomes of other children but also the very existence of potential additional children. We address this problem by looking at … dizygotic twins. In these cases, the two children are born at the same time, so parents cannot make decisions about one twin …

its total fertility rate. At the household level, it has also been well documented that children's education is negatively … associated with the number of children in the family. Do these observations imply a causal relationship between the number of … children and the average education level (the quantity-quality trade-off)? A clear answer to this question will help both …