TORCH was a 3 year multi-centre trial of 6112 patients randomized to: salmeterol (SAL), fluticasone propionate (FP), the FP+SAL combination (SFC), or placebo (PL). Here we assess the cost-effectiveness of treatments evaluated in the TORCH study. Three year all-cause hospitalization, medication,...

Within a given budget, selection of the optimal set of measures for enhancing the energy efficiency of a building is often based on the relative order of the feasible measures, prioritised according to either the life cycle cost saving or the economic benefit–cost ratio of the measures. A...

We study the possible effects of urbanization on the rise of air temperature in Saudi Arabia for the period 1981–2010. The effects of variations in elevation and marine temperature on the air temperature trend are also investigated. Surface air temperature data are analyzed for 24 sites which...

In 1998 the UK Government published the first Transport White Paper for over 20 years, A New Deal for Transport; Better for Everyone. The document emphasised the need for joined-up policy thinking and for co-ordinated action across different areas of government, a theme that has been taken up in...