increased their employment within 20 minutes of commuting time from the border by four to five percentage points. The increased …, we find increases in wages, employment and firm-creation, especially in high-skilled manufacturing and knowledge …

employment, average hours worked, physical capital accumulation and, most importantly, total factor productivity and its skill … existence of communities of immigrants before 1960, as instruments. We find no evidence that immigrants crowded-out employment …-biased technology as the theory of directed technologial change would predict. Combining these effects, an increase in employment in a …

labor market, looking at both wage and employment effects. Using the Regional File of the IAB Employment Subsample for the … employment levels. It had instead adverse employment and wage effects on previous waves of immigrants. This stems from the fact …