After the oil shocks of 1973 and 1979, the ASEAN countries took measures to lessen their dependence on oil. Their concern is reflected in the electric power sector, the largest single end-user of primary energy in most countries. This article describes how the ASEAN countries are shifting the...

Innovation in the field of state administration is essentially the development of best practices or applications of institutions, apparatus, governance, and public services to improve systems to provide added value. Innovation is needed to accelerate the modernization or reform the effective,...