Can the enforcement of product standards be protectionism in disguise? This paper estimates the costs of non … counter-cyclical, hidden protectionism due to non-tariff barriers to trade in the United States. …

Are product standards protectionism in disguise? This paper estimates the costs of non-compliance with US product … does not prove) the existence of counter-cyclical, hidden protectionism due to non-tariff barriers to trade in the United …

Are product standards protectionism in disguise? This paper estimates the costs of non- compliance with U.S. product … does not prove) the existence of counter-cyclical, hidden protectionism due to non-tariff barriers to trade in the United …