Do higher wages lead to more automation innovation? To answer this question, we first use the frequency of certain … keywords in patent text to create a new measure of automation innovation in machinery. We show that our measure is correlated …-level panel analysis, we find that an increase in low-skill wages leads to more automation innovation with an elasticity between 2 …

Using the universe of firms in Estonia, we study the implications of imports-led and FDI- facilitated automation for … the aggregate labour share of value-added for automation-adopting firms is higher than that for non-adopters and has grown … frequently automate, where the frequency of automation provides rich information on firm automation characteristics. The study …