-urban migration on city wages. Our results contribute to the evaluation of regional policies, as recent research has found that … skill workers, in Brazil, between 1991 and 2000. …

This paper presents new empirical evidence about the wage gap between union and nonunion workers in Brazil. In …

the ROW raised workers wages and reduced the likelihood of their being informally employed. The state-level estimates …

an application to Brazil. I proceed in three steps. First, I provide some stylized facts of the Brazilian economy between … occupations of lower ranking as measured by average wages over the period; and wages of primary educated workers increased while … wages of more educated workers declined, bringing forth reductions in poverty and inequality. Second, I build a model that …

informal labor markets. In this period, import penetration grew by more than 20 percent in Brazil, and the share of the import … estimates suggest that a larger Chinese import penetration reduces average formal wages, while imports from elsewhere have the … opposite effect. The results also indicate that the magnitude of the effects on wages are moderated by the unskilled labor …