We investigate the integration of oil spot and futures markets using matched, intraday data to avoid non-synchronous trading issues. Our evidence indicates highly integrated spot and futures markets. Economic shocks that arise in spot markets are quickly transmitted to the futures markets...

Since the collapse of the Metallgesellschaft AG due to hedging losses in 1993, energy practitioners have been concerned with the ability to hedge long-dated linear and non-linear oil liabilities with short-dated futures and options. This paper identifies a model-free non-parametric approach to...

We develop an extended mean-variance model to investigate the relationship between variance risk premia (VRP) and expected futures returns in the commodity market. In the presence of stochastic variance, commodity producers trade both futures and options to hedge their exposure to commodity...