The volatility of a country's foreign exchange rate affects its economic competitiveness. Exports of goods and services become comparatively more expensive and imports become comparatively less expensive if the domestic currency appreciates relative to the currencies of major foreign trade...

In this book, the author develops a framework for studying fundamental challenges to the modern Saudi Arabian economy. He offers an analysis of key challenges facing the Saudi economy, including the potential costs and benefits of privatization, globalization, and eventual membership in the WTO

The Setting -- Overview -- The Development Process -- Reforms and Economic Planning -- Public Finance -- The Financial Sector -- Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) and Monetary Policy -- The Financial Markets -- The Saudi Capital Market -- The Domestic Sector -- The Private Sector:...

This paper investigates the effect of countries' structural economic vulnerability (EVI) on their participation in international trade using an unbalanced panel dataset of 118 countries from 1996 to 2018 and the two-step system generalized method of moments estimator. It has revealed several...