controlling for importing firm-related fixed effects. Second, on average, firms'FTA use reduces tariffs by 12 percentage points … and raises import prices by 3.6-6.7 percent. Third, in general, a price rise resulting from the costs of complying with …

perspective of households both as consumers and factor owners allowing for imperfect domestic price transmission. The results …

Nigeria (60,000 USD). For Brazil and India, tariffs on medicines increase their final price by up to 80 per cent of the …Even low import tariff rates have a significant compounding effect on the final retail price of medicines, which in … consumers, we estimate that the annual compounded financial burden of import tariffs on pharmaceuticals and prevailing trade …

controlling for importing firm-related fixed effects. Second, on average, firms' FTA use reduces tariffs by 12 percentage points … and raises import prices by 3.6-6.7 percent. Third, in general, a price rise resulting from the costs of complying with …