This chapter summarizes the basic characteristics of patent data as an innovation indicator and reviews some of the … recent research using patent data, focusing on major developments since Griliches in 1990 [Griliches, Z. (1990). “Patent … availability of patent data on an increasingly global scale and the accompanying global spread of research using patent data. The …

true. Using a panel of German firms linked to the PATSTAT patent data, we study invention in both types of energy … relation between conventional (i.e. non-energy) invention and energy invention within the firms. The results from dynamic count …

microdata. We find that invention and manufacturing developed similarly in cities closer to and farther from universities in the …