arm’s length. The model further implies that firms are more likely to offshore when frictions in the provision of services …

model jointly to services trade and commercial presence (i.e. FDI), using a composite model of delivery that offers testable … hypotheses about the roles of different modes of services supply as complements or substitutes. We further link our estimates to … and financial services as showing the largest potential for cross-border trade when market regulations are reduced and …

particular focus on regulated prices and services for the individual EU15 countries, as well as for the EU15 and the euro area … aggregates. We show that services and HICP sub-indices considered being subject to price regulation exhibit larger degrees of … index increases and decreases. With regard to what extent services and regulated prices contribute to the degree of overall …