Stock market efficiency is a crucial concept when forecasting of future stock price behaviour is discussed. In the literature, a distinction is made between three potential levels of efficiency. Under a weak form of efficiency, information on historical price movements is of no value for...

A strong relationship between the firm's financial ratios and its security characteristics is observed when canonical correlation analysis is applied, rather than attempts to measure the volatile relationships between the individual variables. It is seen from a sample of 32 firms for the period...

Factor and transformation analysis are used to find stable categories of financial ratios, and to test hypotheses concerning accrual ratios, cash flow ratios, and market-based ratios. Six stable factors are observed for Finnish data covering 1974-84. Contrary to expectations market-based ratios...

The purpose of this paper is to test the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) using monthly data for Finnish stock returns during the 1970-86 period. The first stage involves estimating the systematic risks for each asset using factor analysis. The second stage involves testing by transformation...